Piston for internal-combustion engines



H. R. RICARDO,

PISTON FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. O, 1920.

Patented May 10, 1921.

Z SHEE S SHrIir I F/G. Z

FAG. 4.

H. R. RICARDO.

PlsIoN .um INTERNAL CGNBUSTION ENGINES,

ArLICATHM FILED DEC y l Patented Muy W192i.

NNN N L 2 HAB/RY BELEK RICARD, F .LONDQBL ENGLAND.

PIESTN FOR IINTERNAL-CGMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented tray 1o, resi.

Application'ed December 10, 1920. Serial No. 429,729.

To all w hom t 'may concern:

pix

Be it known that l, HARRY RALPH Ri cileno, subject of the -tiling of England, re

siding at London, in England, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Pistons for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a speciication. l

rlhis invention relates to pistons for internal combustion engines and has for its object to effect certain improvements in the pist-ons covered by the Cpresent inventors U. S. patent application iler. No. 77640 iled 11/2/16. Patents lios. 1346845 and 1294833, and patent application Ser. No. 230354; led es/i/ie.

According to this invention the piston head which isconstruct-ed of aluminium or aluminium alloy comprises a iianged disk with a hollow projection of less diameter 'than the disk which is 'formed integral with and projects 'from one tace thereof. Bosses adapted to carry the gudgeon pin are formed at or near the end or at some intermediate point in the length of the projection. A part which is orrnedoi cast iron or the like and performs guiding functions and has substantially the same diameter as the piston head comprises two' oppositely placed slipper inen'ibers which lie on either side of the rgudgeon .pin and are formed integral with and connected together by one" or more relatively narrow rings. One oi these rings is formed so as to lit on to and engage the hollow projection to which it is connected by studs or bolts. Preferably the hollow projection has formed at or near its end enlargements which constitute the bosses adapted to carry the gudgeon pin and a thickened annular part or rfiange. ,ln this case the two slipper meinbersare connected about the center of their lengths by a relatively narrow ring which is 'formed integral with the slippersv and the insidie otl this ring is adapted to engage the thickened part or flange at the, end of the hollow projection. On the ring which connectfthe slipper members and between the latter are lugs or lips which project so as to lie opposite to the ends of the gudgeon pin and retain this pin in the bosses. In the case. where the slippers are connected by two rings one of these rings is disposed about the center of the lengths of the slippers while theother ring is Aformed lat the outer end of these slippers and vprovided.

with an inwardly directed flange adapted to but up against and be connected to the flange or thickened part at the end of aportion of the' hollow projection which extends beyond the gudgeon pin bosses. In either case when the guide portion is in place the plane of the gudgeon .pin axis cuts the slipper members at or about the center oit their lengths and those edges ofthe yslippers which lie nearest vto the iange on the head of the piston are so positioned that there is a space between the edge ot the iange andthe adjacent edges of the slippers.

The invention maybe carried out in prac? tice in various ways but the accompanying drawings illustrate two alternative constructions that may he adopted. in these drawin s i1igure l is a side elevation of one forni of the improved piston.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section in the plane ot the gudgeon pin axis.

l Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 the section being taken transversely to the gudgcon pin.

Fig. i is a transverse section on the line 1 -4i 'of Fig. l looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 5 is a (side .elevation of a modified construction.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section on the line 6-6 in Fig. 5 looking in the direction of the arrows,the section lying in the plane of the gudgeon pin axis.

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section transverse to the. gudgeon pin and on the line 77 of Fig. 6. I

Fig. 8 a transverse section on the line 8-8 of 5 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

Referring to the construction shown in Figs. l to 4 inclusive` the piston head comprises a solid disk A having either a flat o1; dished face and a peripheral flange A of suitable width grooved to carry piston rings or other suitable packing means. A hollow projection B which is substantially rectangular as shown in Fig. 4, or may have such other cross section as for example approximately cylindrical as may be desired, extends from the underside olf the ,head disk A with which this hollow projection 'is formed integral. At. the outer end of the hollow projection Band, on opposite sides thereof are bosses C of suitable formation adapted to carry the gudgeon pin D and at the side of these bosses adjacent to the piston head is a thickened annulus E forming afiange which extends around the projection Bbetween the Abosses C. y

The guide portion of the piston comprisesV two separated slipper' members F and Fv slippers the whole ring thus lying within the slippers. If desired webs in .suitable number and dimensions may be provided `wit-hin the slippers and extending from them to the rin G G. This ring iitson to the end of't e hollow projection B sov that the flange E rests against the face of the flange G while the main portion G of the ring slides over and engages the end of the hollow projection. Between Ythe slippers the ring extends' acro'ssthe ends of the gudgeon pin D as shown in Figs. l and 2. The flange G is connected to the flange .E by studs or bolts H which pass through bosses E and G2 formed respec tively at intervalsaround the flangev E and the ring G. The formation of these engaging parts is such that expansion ofthe end of the hollow projection B within the slipper ring G G will not cause distortion of this ring and of the slippers.` If desired theend of the projection may be chamfered off where it lies within the slipper' ring.

As mentioned the piston head A with its flange A and the projection B are all formed integral of aluminium or aluminium alloy while the guide portion Comprising the two slippersv F F yand the ring G G which is integral with the slippers and connects them is preferably constructed' of a rnetalI having a substantially lower-coefficient of expansion than the aluminium head portion such as-cast iron or the like. j

AReferring to the alternative construction shown in Figs, 5 to 8 inclusive, it will be seen that in this case the connection between the hollow projection B and the ring which joins the slippers F'F' 'is disposed' at the end of the hollow projection beyond the gudgeon pin bosses. The hollow proje/:tion is somewhatshorter than inJ the construction sho-wn in"Figs. 1 to 4l, and the gudgeon pin D is positioned nearer to the'head A f .thev piston, but still lies Wholly within the lengthof the slippers so as to bring the cylinder Wal/l reactlon within the slipper surface. in contact with the cylinderl wall.

In this modified form the gudgeon pin bosses C are formed at the end of the hollow projection B which again has a substantiallyrectangular form in cross section as shown in Fig. 8. The annular flange E is developed from and extends between the gudgeon pin bosses C at the end of the hollow part B. The ring which lies within and is connectedto the slippers F and F in this case comprises an annular part G connected to the slippers by a flange G', the` part G also :having an inwardly directed flange (is adapted :to butt up against the face of the flange h. The part G lies around the periphery of the flange E. The

. flanges Gr3 and E are connected together by studs' or bolts H. Webs F2 extend in the longitudinal direction from the inner sides of the slippers F and F to the ring G G.

Cn that edge of the ringG which faces the head A and on each part of the ring which extends between the slippers F and F there is formed a lip or lug G4 which projects from the edge of the .ringtoward the head of the piston. Each of these lugs G* is of such dimensions that it will lie oppositeto one end of the gudgeon pin D and overlap this end either shown or entirely. These lips thus serve to keep the gudgeon pin in place.

ln either case the detailed formation of the parts may vary as found desirable as for example the construction, shape and dimensions of the slippers F F and of the ring which is formed integral with them and serves to connect them to the hollow projection B. In all cases, however, the length of vthe slippers will be such as tov bring the line of cylinder reaction due to the connectingrod thrust within the surface of thev slipper in contact with the cylinder wall. The arrangement of" the webs F2 it' employed within they slippers may also be varied. Perforations are ton- -veniently formedxin the slippers as shown.

' What I claim as my invention and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. A piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a flanged disk constitutartially as ing the head with a hollow projection of less i' diameter than the disk formed integral with 'this disk and projecting from one face thereof this projection carrying bosses adapted to receive the gudgeon pin andthe said bosses being disposed toward the end of the projection remote from the head all these parts being constructed of aluminium or aluminiumalloylin combination with a part formed-fof material such as cast iron which performs guiding functions and has substantially the,

same diameteras A*the flanged piston head .this guide part comprisingA two oppositely leo placed slipper members which lie on either side of the gudgeon pin and are formed integral with and connected together by relatively narrow members which' are operative to retain the gudgeon pin in place, and means for connectln the slipper member to the hollow projection as set forth.

2. In a piston for an internal lcombustion engine the'combination of a flanged disk constituting the piston head, a hollow pro- 'jection of less diameter than the disk which is formed integral with this disk and projects from one face thereof, bosses adapted to carry the gudgeon pin formed on the hollow projection and disposed toward the end thereof which is remote from the disk, a pair of opposit-ely disposed slipper members forming a guide which has substantially the same diameter as the piston head, these said bosses being disposed toward the end ofi the projection remote from the head, all these parts being constructed of aluminium or aluminium alloy, in combination with a part formed of material'such as cast iron which performs guiding factions and has substantially the same diameter, as the danged piston head, this guide part compris ing. two oppositely placed slipper members which lie on either side of the .gudgeon piny and are formed' integral with and connected together by a relatively narrow annular member, those parts of thisv member which lie between the slippers being operative to retain the gudgeon pin in place, and means tor connecting the slipper member to the hollow projection as set forth'l 4. In a piston for an internal combustion engine the combination of a flanged disk constituting the piston head, a hollow projection of less diameter than the disk which is formed integral with the disk and projects from one face thereof, bosses "adapted to carry the gudgeon pin formed on thelhollow projection and disposed toward the end thereof which is remote from the disk, a

`relatively narrow annular member, a' pair of slipper members formed integral with the annular member and oppositely disposed thereon, these slipper members constituting a guide which has substantially the same diameter as the piston head, and means for Vconnecting the annular member to the hollow projection so that the annular member is operative to keep the gudgeon pin in place. i

5. In a piston for an internal combustion engine the combination of a lian ed disk constituting the piston head, a hol ow pirojection of less diameter than the disk which 1s formed integral with this disk and projects from one Yface thereof, bosses adapted to carry the gudgeon pin formed on the hol low projection and disposed toward the end thereof which is remote from the disk, an annular enlargement formed on the hollow projection inV thel neighborhood of the bosses, an annular member adapted to fit onto the hollow projection and engage the annular enlargement thereon and also vlie across the ends of the gudgeon pin and keep it in place, a pair of slipper members formed integral with the annular member and oppositely disposed thereon, these Slipper members constituting a guide which has substantially the same diameter as the annular slipper-carrying member to the hollow projection as set forth.

. 6. In a piston for an internal combustion engine the combin .tion of a'flan ed disk constituting the p1y on head, a hol ow projection of less diameter than the disk which is formed integral with the diskand projects from one face thereof, bosses adapted to carry the dgeon pin formed on the hollowv projection and disposed toward the end thereo which is remote from the disk, an annular member havin a cylindrical part and a flanged part an kf adapted to lit' on to and engagel the hollow projection so that parts of this member will lie across-the ends of the gudgeon pin and keep it in place, a pair of slipper members mounted on and formed integral with the annular member and oppositely disposed, these slippers forming a guide which has substantially the same diameter as the piston head,and means for connecting the annular slipper-carrying member to the hollowy projection as set forth. l v

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

HARRY RALPH Rionero.

,piston head, and means for connecting the 

